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Rotation using OpenFOAM

  • In this chapter we will show two different approaches to rotation modeling in OpenFOAM.
  • We will build our own test case and try following methods:
    • MRF (Multiple Reference Frame)
    • Solid Body Motion

 


Subsections

Boundary and Initial condition

  • Initial and boundary conditions are stored in directories named with numbers
  • Number in directory name stands for time layer of the solution
  • Usually initial conditions are stored in directory 0
  • In case of solver icoFoam one imposes pressure p and velocity U.
  • It is necessary to impose initial and boundary conditions in the first time layer (typically 0 )
  • Let us take a look for example at the pressure:
    # cat $FOAM_RUN/icoFoam/cavity/0/p
    /*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
    | =========                 |                                                 |
    | \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
    |  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  2.2.1                                 |
    |   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
    |    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
    \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
    FoamFile
    {
        version     2.0;
        format      ascii;
        class       volScalarField;
        object      p;
    }
    // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
    

     

    dimensions      [0 2 -2 0 0 0 0];
    
  • Parameter dimensions stands for physical dimensions according to SI unit system:
    SI [kg m s K mol A cd], e.g. for pressure: $ \color{white} m^{2}s^{-2}$ (kinematic pressure)

     

    internalField   uniform 0;
    
  • Parameter internalField defines values in cell volumes of the mesh
  • Values can be constant all over the flow field (uniform) with corresponding value
  • Or values can be non-constant (nonuniform, i.e. possibly different value in each cell) with list of values (according to cell IDs)

     

    boundaryField
    {
        movingWall      
        {
            type            zeroGradient;
        }
    
        fixedWalls      
        {
            type            zeroGradient;
        }
    
        frontAndBack    
        {
            type            empty;
        }
    }
    
    // ************************************************************************* //
    
  • boundaryField defines boundary conditions for mesh boundaries
  • type defines real boundary condition
  • e.g. zeroGradient is so called homogeneous Neumann boundary condition, which means that quantity gradient is zero in direction perpendicular to the boundary
  • Boundary condition empty means, that there is no flow in direction perpendicular to the boundary, this boundary condition must correspond to definition in polyMesh/boundary

     

  • Let us take a look at the velocity file :
    # cat $FOAM_RUN/icoFoam/cavity/0/U

     

    /*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\
    | =========                 |                                                 |
    | \\      /  F ield         | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox           |
    |  \\    /   O peration     | Version:  2.2.1                                 |
    |   \\  /    A nd           | Web:      www.OpenFOAM.com                      |
    |    \\/     M anipulation  |                                                 |
    \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
    FoamFile
    {
        version     2.0;
        format      ascii;
        class       volVectorField;
        object      U;
    }
    // * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //
    
    dimensions      [0 1 -1 0 0 0 0];
    
    internalField   uniform (0 0 0);
    
    boundaryField
    {
        movingWall      
        {
            type            fixedValue;
            value           uniform (1 0 0);
        }
    
        fixedWalls      
        {
            type            fixedValue;
            value           uniform (0 0 0);
        }
    
        frontAndBack    
        {
            type            empty;
        }
    }
    
    // ************************************************************************* //
    

     

  • Velocity U is a vector and has three components (Ux, Uy, Uz)
  • At the wall there is often prescribed fixed value for velocity (Dirichlet boundary condition): fixedValuewhich needs its value, either uniform or nonuniform
  • Condition uniform (0 0 0) means the velocity is zero at the wall
  • Condition uniform (1 0 0) means the velocity is 1 m/s in magnitude and points in the direction of the coordinate x axis (wall is moving)

 

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Index

Add layers
Meshing options: Snappy hex
Additional data files
Post-processing
advance ratio
Propeller Efficiency
alpha.vapor
Multiphase cavitation
alpha.water
Multiphase cavitation
Averaging window
Post-processing
Axis
Reference frames | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide
Background mesh size
Components | Components | Components
Bind to core
Simulation
blade
Components
Blade cap gap
Components
Blade to blade views
Post-processing
blade-to-blade view
Example: Blade-to-blade view | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Advanced parameters
bladeCap
Components
bladeHubFillets
Components
bladeLeadingEdge
Components
bladePressureSide
Components
bladeShroudFillets
Components
bladeSuctionSide
Components
bladeTrailingEdge
Components
Bounding box
Components | Components
Bounding box point 1
Components
Bounding box point 2
Components
Castellated mesh
Meshing options: Snappy hex
cavitation
Physics | Physics | Physics
Cavitation index
Cavitation Modeling in TCFD\textregistered
Cavitation risk
Physics | Physics | Physics | Cavitation Modeling in TCFD\textregistered
Multiphase cavitation
Physics | Cavitation Modeling in TCFD\textregistered | Multiphase cavitation
Schnerr-Sauer model
Physics | Cavitation Modeling in TCFD\textregistered | Multiphase cavitation | Multiphase cavitation | Keywords in .tcfd file
Cell data to point data
Step by step guide | Usage
cell-centered
Cell Centered Approach
Cells between levels
Meshing options: Snappy hex
cellZone
MRF
CFD Processor
CFD Processor & TCFD\textregistered | CFD Processor & TCFD\textregistered | General settings | Simulation | Physics | Components
Check Setup
General settings
circumferential angle
Boundary condition: Inlet | Boundary condition: Inlet
Clip filter
Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide
Clip out radius
Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Clipped boundary is hub
Component name
Components
Compressible
Physics
constant transport
Physics
Contour
Step by step guide
Convergence check
Simulation | Speedlines | Speedlines
cutWater
Components
Cylindrical grading
Components
Cylindrical mesh
Components
Cylindrical radii
Components
Cylindrical warp
Components
Debug output
Advanced parameters
density
Physics
Directed mass flow rate
Boundary condition: Inlet
Directed volumetric flow rate
Boundary condition: Inlet
Directory with STL files
Components
Dynamic viscosity
Physics | Physics | Physics
Efficiency probes
Post-processing
Einstein summation
Compressible Mathematical Model
empty
Components
Euler alpha
Components
Euler beta
Components
Euler gamma
Components
Extension Points
Advanced parameters
External Fluent mesh
Components
External OpenFOAM mesh
Components
Extract block
Step by step guide
Feature edges included angle
Meshing options: Snappy hex
Finite Volume Method
Finite Volume Method
Fixed velocity
Boundary condition: Inlet | Boundary condition: Inlet
Flow direction
Components | Components
Fluid name
Physics
Forces
Post-processing
freestreamInterface
Components
Frozen rotor
Frozen Rotor vs. Mixing
fvSolution
Number of Iterations on | Minimal and Maximal Values
Glyph
Usage
Gravitational acceleration
Physics
Group by point
Post-processing
Heat capacity
Physics | Physics
Heat capacity ratio
Physics
Hosts
Simulation
hub
Components
Information
Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide
Initial pressure
Initial conditions
Initial temperature
Initial conditions
Initial turbulent dissipation
Initial conditions
Initial turbulent dissipation rate
Initial conditions
Initial turbulent energy
Initial conditions
Initial velocity
Initial conditions
inlet
Components
inletInterface
Components
Inner radius
Step by step guide
Internal point
Components | Components
internalAMI
Components
Iterations
Advanced parameters | Advanced parameters
Kinematic viscosity
Physics
Leading edge gap
Components
License.dat
Installation
License.key
Installation
linear solver
diagonal
System of Linear Equations
diagonalSolver
System of Linear Equations
DIC
System of Linear Equations
DILU
System of Linear Equations
FDIC
System of Linear Equations
GAMG
System of Linear Equations | System of Linear Equations
none
System of Linear Equations
PBiCG
System of Linear Equations
smoothSolver
System of Linear Equations
BICCG
System of Linear Equations
localhost
Simulation | Simulation
Mass flow rate
Boundary condition: Inlet | Boundary condition: Inlet
Max global cells
Meshing options: Snappy hex
Max load unbalance
Meshing options: Snappy hex
Max local cells
Meshing options: Snappy hex
Max pressure
Boundary condition: Outlet
Maximal density
Simulation controls
Maximal pressure
Simulation controls
Maximal temperature
Simulation controls
Maximal velocity
Simulation controls
Meridion average
Step by step guide | Step by step guide
meridional angle
Boundary condition: Inlet
Meridional average
Turbo Blade Post | Post-processing | Example: Meridional average | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Meridional Average filter -
Mesh parts
Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide
Message Passing Interface
Simulation
Min refinement
Meshing options: Snappy hex
Minimal density
Simulation controls
Minimal pressure
Simulation controls
Minimal temperature
Simulation controls
Mixing plane
Components | Components | Frozen Rotor vs. Mixing
Molar weight
Physics | Physics
MPI
Simulation | Message Passing Interface (MPI)
MRF
Geometry & Mesh | Geometry & Mesh | Geometry & Mesh | Geometry & Mesh
MRF zone
Geometry & Mesh | Geometry & Mesh
Multi-block Dataset
Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide
Multi-solid STL file
Components
Multiple Reference Frame
MRF
Name
Reference frames
Navier-Stokes equations
Incompressible Mathematical Model
No. periodic segments
Components
Non-ortho correctors
Simulation controls
non-orthogonal correctors
Simulation controls | Non-Orthogonal Correctors
Normalize patches
Advanced parameters
Numerical order
Simulation
Origin
Reference frames | Components | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide
Outer radius
Step by step guide
outlet
Components
Outlet vent
Boundary condition: Outlet
outletInterface
Components
ParaView
CFD Processor & TCFD\textregistered | ParaView | Simulation | Simulation | Step by step guide | Advanced parameters
ParaView filter
TCFDSource plugin
ParaView source
TCFDSource plugin
Patches table
Components | Components
Pipeline Browser
When using GUI: | TCFDSource plugin | TCFDSource plugin | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide
Plot Data
Step by step guide
Point iterations
Speedlines
Prandtl number
Physics
pressure - velocity coupling
SIMPLE Algorithm
Processors
Simulation | Simulation | Simulation
Properties panel
TCFDSource plugin
Reference density
Physics | Cavitation Risk and Cavitation
Reference frame
Components
Reference pressure
Physics | Cavitation Risk and Cavitation
Reference temperature
Physics | Cavitation Risk and Cavitation
Relaxation
Boundary condition: Outlet
Remove split cells
Advanced parameters
RenderView
TCFDSource plugin | Components | Components | Components | Components | Components
Report mass flow unit
Post-processing
Report pressure unit
Post-processing
Report quantity
Post-processing
Report sections
Post-processing
Report temperature unit
Post-processing
Report volumetric flow unit
Post-processing
Resistance
Boundary condition: Outlet
resolution
Step by step guide | Advanced parameters | Advanced parameters
Resolve feature angle
Meshing options: Snappy hex
Rotating checkbox
Reference frames
Rotation speed
Reference frames
rotationAMI
Components
saturated vapor pressure
Cavitation Risk and Cavitation
Scale factor
Components
scheme
divergence scheme
biLinearFit
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
blended
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
clippedLinear
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
CoBlended
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
cubic
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
cubicUpwindFit
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
downwind
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
filteredLinear
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
filteredLinear2
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
filteredLinear3
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
fixedBlended
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
Gamma
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
Gamma01
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
harmonic
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
limitedCubic
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
limitedCubic01
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
limitedGamma
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
limitedLimitedCubic
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
limitedLimitedLinear
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
limitedLinear
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme | Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
limitedLinear01
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
limitedMUSCL
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
limitedVanLeer
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
limiterBlended
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
limitWith
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
linear
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
linearFit
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
linearPureUpwindFit
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
linearUpwind
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
localBlended
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
localMax
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
localMin
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
LUST
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
midPoint
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
Minmod
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
MUSCL
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
MUSCL01
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
OSPRE
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
outletStabilised
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
pointLinear
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
quadraticFit
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
quadraticLinearFit
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
quadraticLinearUpwindFit
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
quadraticUpwindFit
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
QUICK
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
reverseLinear
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
SFCD
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
skewCorrected
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
SuperBee
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
UMIST
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
upwind
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
vanAlbada
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
vanLeer
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
vanLeer01
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
weighted
Spatial Integration Numerical Scheme
SetEntry
Scripting
Settings
When using GUI:
Setup file
General settings
shroud
Components
SIMPLE algorithm
SIMPLE Algorithm
Simulation type
General settings
Slice filter
Step by step guide
Snap internal points
Advanced parameters | Advanced parameters
Snapshot fields
Post-processing
Snapshot interval
Post-processing
solver
blueDyMSolver
blueDyMSolver - transient, incompressible
blueSolver
blueSolver - steady state,
greenDyMSolver
greenDyMSolver - transient, cavitation
greenSolver
greenSolver - steady state,
interPhaseChangeDyMFoam
greenDyMSolver - transient, cavitation
interPhaseChangeFoam
greenSolver - steady state,
pimpleDyMFoam
blueDyMSolver - transient, incompressible
redDyMSolver
redDyMSolver - transient, compressible
redSolver
redSolver - steady state,
rhoSimpleFoam
redSolver - steady state,
simpleFoam
blueSolver - steady state,
sonicFoam
redDyMSolver - transient, compressible
Solver steady state
Simulation
Solver transient
Simulation
Specific heat capacity
Physics
Speedline points
Speedlines
Speedlines
Speedlines
Statistics
Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide
steady-state
Steady-State
Stream path
Post-processing
Surface hook-up
Meshing options: Snappy hex
SurfaceLIC
Step by step guide | Usage
Sutherland transport
Physics
$ A_S$
Physics
$ T_S$
Physics
symmetry
Components
TCFDManager
CFD Processor & TCFD\textregistered | CFD Processor & TCFD\textregistered | When using GUI: | TCFDSource plugin
TCFDSource
CFD Processor & TCFD\textregistered | CFD Processor & TCFD\textregistered | TCFDSource plugin | TCFDSource plugin | TCFDSource plugin | TCFDSource plugin | Turbulence
Time management
Simulation
Toggle advanced properties
TCFDSource plugin | Step by step guide
Tolerance
Advanced parameters | Advanced parameters
Total pressure
Boundary condition: Inlet | Boundary condition: Inlet
Total temperature
Boundary condition: Inlet
Trailing edge gap
Components
transient
Simulation
Transient times
Speedlines
Transient window
Post-processing
translationAMI
Components
Transport model
Physics
Turbo Blade Post
Turbo Blade Post | Example: Pressure around the | Example: Blade pressure and
Turbo Unwrap
Turbo Blade Post | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Usage
turbulence model
Turbulence
kEpsilon
Turbulence
kOmegaSST
Turbulence
laminar
Turbulence
Spalart-Allmaras
Turbulence
Turbulence settings
Turbulence
Turbulent dissipation
Boundary condition: Inlet
Turbulent eddy viscosity
Boundary condition: Inlet
Turbulent energy intensity
Boundary condition: Inlet
Under-Relaxation
Under-Relaxation
under-relaxation factors
Simulation controls
Unstructured grid
Step by step guide
Unwrap mesh
Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide
Use fluid defaults
Physics
Use refinement regions
Components
User gap refinement
Components
Value Range
Step by step guide
Volume fields
Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide | Step by step guide
Volumetric flow rate
Boundary condition: Inlet | Boundary condition: Inlet
wall
Components
wallSlip
Components
Wheel diameter
Components | Components
WriteFile
Scripting