Kaplan-hydro-turbine CFD Simulation Resuls

Simulation Stats

Test Case Name

Kaplan-hydro-turbine

Number of Points [ – ]

10

Machine Type

hydroTurbine

Rotation Speed [ rad/s ]

-19.6350

Number of Components [ – ]

(topology)

3

Mesh Size [ cells ]

(details)

spiral : 282135

wheel : 286966

draftube : 84679

Total : 653780

Simulation score [ – ]

details

Average y+ at walls [ – ]

details

y+ details:

Point	Patch	Min	Max	Avg
1	spiral_blade-guide_wall	307.750	5479.48	1786.94
1	spiral_hub-guide_wall	138.144	11027.8	4124.84
1	spiral_inflow-stay_wall	195.720	16089.2	3930.96
1	spiral_shroud-guide_wall	842.444	9699.43	3600.90
1	wheel_blade-rot_wall	271.082	10545.4	2457.07
1	wheel_hub-rot_wall	250.716	10848.0	3750.73
1	wheel_shroud-rot_wall	464.659	18267.9	4579.10
1	draftube_hub-rot-cap_wall	2352.55	3927.45	3053.66
1	draftube_outflow-drafttube_wall	883.527	119176.	19786.2
2	spiral_blade-guide_wall	294.643	5244.09	1708.33
2	spiral_hub-guide_wall	132.033	10545.4	3944.24
2	spiral_inflow-stay_wall	190.377	15354.1	3756.16
2	spiral_shroud-guide_wall	805.156	9290.62	3447.23
2	wheel_blade-rot_wall	256.507	10352.5	2355.59
2	wheel_hub-rot_wall	261.881	10051.0	3495.48
2	wheel_shroud-rot_wall	422.717	16707.2	4210.33
2	draftube_hub-rot-cap_wall	1457.40	2521.74	2049.76
2	draftube_outflow-drafttube_wall	834.267	119062.	18377.4
3	spiral_blade-guide_wall	281.604	5005.59	1629.52
3	spiral_hub-guide_wall	125.932	10060.5	3762.90
3	spiral_inflow-stay_wall	183.378	14616.9	3580.91
3	spiral_shroud-guide_wall	767.832	8881.67	3293.04
3	wheel_blade-rot_wall	297.732	10220.8	2267.81
3	wheel_hub-rot_wall	245.300	9272.15	3247.70
3	wheel_shroud-rot_wall	423.228	16585.3	3995.88
3	draftube_hub-rot-cap_wall	1051.66	2231.34	1526.77
3	draftube_outflow-drafttube_wall	803.678	85052.9	16837.8
4	spiral_blade-guide_wall	268.393	4763.74	1550.41
4	spiral_hub-guide_wall	119.801	9574.51	3580.91
4	spiral_inflow-stay_wall	177.493	13879.3	3405.13
4	spiral_shroud-guide_wall	730.482	8472.51	3138.17
4	wheel_blade-rot_wall	319.922	10039.3	2176.34
4	wheel_hub-rot_wall	257.948	8502.28	3007.76
4	wheel_shroud-rot_wall	409.372	16541.9	3828.66
4	draftube_hub-rot-cap_wall	490.326	1953.39	1369.97
4	draftube_outflow-drafttube_wall	787.046	58612.2	15427.7
5	spiral_blade-guide_wall	255.152	4518.70	1471.01
5	spiral_hub-guide_wall	113.695	9082.08	3397.97
5	spiral_inflow-stay_wall	168.422	13139.8	3228.67
5	spiral_shroud-guide_wall	693.044	8063.07	2982.52
5	wheel_blade-rot_wall	310.435	9752.30	2069.35
5	wheel_hub-rot_wall	284.123	7778.42	2768.92
5	wheel_shroud-rot_wall	369.652	16305.1	3671.39
5	draftube_hub-rot-cap_wall	704.269	1600.74	1336.35
5	draftube_outflow-drafttube_wall	781.458	38203.8	12101.0
6	spiral_blade-guide_wall	241.917	4269.73	1391.27
6	spiral_hub-guide_wall	107.552	8592.75	3214.48
6	spiral_inflow-stay_wall	158.388	12399.4	3051.60
6	spiral_shroud-guide_wall	655.537	7654.58	2825.76
6	wheel_blade-rot_wall	291.655	9387.78	1955.46
6	wheel_hub-rot_wall	289.226	7099.36	2516.28
6	wheel_shroud-rot_wall	297.079	15978.0	3533.26
6	draftube_hub-rot-cap_wall	661.012	1187.19	903.530
6	draftube_outflow-drafttube_wall	786.942	23251.4	8584.40
7	spiral_blade-guide_wall	235.353	4144.01	1351.26
7	spiral_hub-guide_wall	104.486	8347.86	3122.53
7	spiral_inflow-stay_wall	153.381	12027.9	2962.75
7	spiral_shroud-guide_wall	636.793	7450.45	2746.85
7	wheel_blade-rot_wall	280.441	9203.30	1904.57
7	wheel_hub-rot_wall	266.921	6757.12	2390.29
7	wheel_shroud-rot_wall	279.081	15845.2	3482.77
7	draftube_hub-rot-cap_wall	363.094	1098.26	821.026
7	draftube_outflow-drafttube_wall	731.746	30302.5	9323.47
8	spiral_blade-guide_wall	228.732	4026.16	1311.15
8	spiral_hub-guide_wall	101.420	8108.15	3030.48
8	spiral_inflow-stay_wall	148.360	11655.9	2873.70
8	spiral_shroud-guide_wall	618.041	7245.88	2667.41
8	wheel_blade-rot_wall	274.353	9046.65	1862.42
8	wheel_hub-rot_wall	244.540	6427.97	2267.40
8	wheel_shroud-rot_wall	285.901	15768.6	3451.34
8	draftube_hub-rot-cap_wall	295.374	1089.20	779.630
8	draftube_outflow-drafttube_wall	793.779	41293.9	11491.8
9	spiral_blade-guide_wall	221.996	3914.02	1270.96
9	spiral_hub-guide_wall	98.3699	7867.36	2938.35
9	spiral_inflow-stay_wall	143.284	11284.0	2784.49
9	spiral_shroud-guide_wall	599.251	7042.16	2587.66
9	wheel_blade-rot_wall	273.701	8910.10	1829.75
9	wheel_hub-rot_wall	245.117	6105.88	2150.83
9	wheel_shroud-rot_wall	283.351	15751.1	3439.94
9	draftube_hub-rot-cap_wall	458.789	1147.32	709.956
9	draftube_outflow-drafttube_wall	797.721	44212.8	11941.2
10	spiral_blade-guide_wall	215.350	3801.08	1230.66
10	spiral_hub-guide_wall	95.3310	7626.20	2846.22
10	spiral_inflow-stay_wall	138.261	10911.2	2695.06
10	spiral_shroud-guide_wall	580.453	6837.11	2507.43
10	wheel_blade-rot_wall	277.433	8787.71	1805.80
10	wheel_hub-rot_wall	251.914	5784.25	2043.34
10	wheel_shroud-rot_wall	279.899	15777.9	3453.75
10	draftube_hub-rot-cap_wall	434.922	1053.09	721.541
10	draftube_outflow-drafttube_wall	803.491	48518.4	12357.4

Wall-clock time [ hh:mm:ss ]

00:01:18 (meshing)

00:26:45 (calculation)

Parallel Processors [ – ]

32

Fluid Name

water

Physical Model

incompressible

Numerical order

second

Turbulence model

kOmegaSST

Head

1:inflow-inlet — 3:outflow-outlet

Point Nr.	Flow Rate [ m³/s ]	Head [ m ]
1	105.000	50.1850
2	100.000	43.6428
3	95.0000	37.5321
4	90.0000	31.7522
5	85.0000	26.0484
6	80.0000	20.5288
7	77.5000	18.0838
8	75.0000	15.8212
9	72.5000	13.6122
10	70.0000	11.4406

Efficiency

1:inflow-inlet — 3:outflow-outlet

Point Nr.	Flow Rate [ m³/s ]	Efficiency [ – ]
1	105.000	0.855286
2	100.000	0.874590
3	95.0000	0.890346
4	90.0000	0.901077
5	85.0000	0.911381
6	80.0000	0.916143
7	77.5000	0.902109
8	75.0000	0.872769
9	72.5000	0.828854
10	70.0000	0.763180

Torque

Point Nr.	Torque [ N.m ]
1	2.24243 × 10⁶
2	1.89910 × 10⁶
3	1.57950 × 10⁶
4	1.28122 × 10⁶
5	1.00404 × 10⁶
6	748630.
7	629127.
8	515288.
9	407010.
10	304106.

Axial Force

Point Nr.	Axial Force [ N ]
1	3.34790 × 10⁶
2	2.88843 × 10⁶
3	2.45932 × 10⁶
4	2.05235 × 10⁶
5	1.66438 × 10⁶
6	1.29409 × 10⁶
7	1.11590 × 10⁶
8	943339.
9	776608.
10	615885.

Radial Force

Point Nr.	Radial Force [ N ]
1	2939.45
2	3236.57
3	3401.52
4	2766.73
5	2086.35
6	1144.77
7	810.929
8	1313.28
9	1635.54
10	1952.72

Power

Point Nr.	Power [ W ]
1	4.40301 × 10⁷
2	3.72888 × 10⁷
3	3.10135 × 10⁷
4	2.51567 × 10⁷
5	1.97142 × 10⁷
6	1.46994 × 10⁷
7	1.23529 × 10⁷
8	1.01177 × 10⁷
9	7.99164 × 10⁶
10	5.97112 × 10⁶

Total Pressure Difference

1:inflow-inlet — 3:outflow-outlet

Point Nr.	Flow Rate [ m³/s ]	Total Pressure Difference [ Pa ]
1	105.000	-490345.
2	100.000	-426423.
3	95.0000	-366717.
4	90.0000	-310243.
5	85.0000	-254513.
6	80.0000	-200582.
7	77.5000	-176692.
8	75.0000	-154585.
9	72.5000	-133001.
10	70.0000	-111783.

Total Pressure per Interfaces

Point Nr.	Interface Name	Flow Rate [ m³/s ]	Total Pressure [ Pa ]
1	spiral:inflow-inlet	105.000	597328.
1	spiral-to-wheel	105.000	589084.
1	wheel-from-spiral	104.887	589079.
1	wheel-to-draftube	104.896	137782.
1	draftube-from-wheel	104.969	137791.
1	draftube:outflow-outlet	104.977	106982.
2	spiral:inflow-inlet	100.000	532216.
2	spiral-to-wheel	100.000	524735.
2	wheel-from-spiral	99.8912	524729.
2	wheel-to-draftube	99.9001	128009.
2	draftube-from-wheel	99.9725	128027.
2	draftube:outflow-outlet	99.9699	105793.
3	spiral:inflow-inlet	95.0000	472179.
3	spiral-to-wheel	95.0000	465425.
3	wheel-from-spiral	94.8958	465418.
3	wheel-to-draftube	94.9044	120947.
3	draftube-from-wheel	94.9760	120929.
3	draftube:outflow-outlet	94.9737	105462.
4	spiral:inflow-inlet	90.0000	414931.
4	spiral-to-wheel	90.0000	408868.
4	wheel-from-spiral	89.8995	408859.
4	wheel-to-draftube	89.9081	115322.
4	draftube-from-wheel	89.9794	115310.
4	draftube:outflow-outlet	89.9779	104687.
5	spiral:inflow-inlet	85.0000	358194.
5	spiral-to-wheel	85.0000	352779.
5	wheel-from-spiral	84.9033	352768.
5	wheel-to-draftube	84.9117	109462.
5	draftube-from-wheel	84.9824	109457.
5	draftube:outflow-outlet	84.9809	103681.
6	spiral:inflow-inlet	80.0000	304058.
6	spiral-to-wheel	80.0000	299258.
6	wheel-from-spiral	79.9082	299247.
6	wheel-to-draftube	79.9166	105668.
6	draftube-from-wheel	79.9846	105667.
6	draftube:outflow-outlet	79.9827	103476.
7	spiral:inflow-inlet	77.5000	281602.
7	spiral-to-wheel	77.5000	277096.
7	wheel-from-spiral	77.4110	277085.
7	wheel-to-draftube	77.4194	108177.
7	draftube-from-wheel	77.4867	108178.
7	draftube:outflow-outlet	77.4972	104910.
8	spiral:inflow-inlet	75.0000	261569.
8	spiral-to-wheel	75.0000	257350.
8	wheel-from-spiral	74.9141	257339.
8	wheel-to-draftube	74.9226	112859.
8	draftube-from-wheel	74.9892	112862.
8	draftube:outflow-outlet	74.9862	106984.
9	spiral:inflow-inlet	72.5000	239574.
9	spiral-to-wheel	72.5000	235627.
9	wheel-from-spiral	72.4181	235618.
9	wheel-to-draftube	72.4265	115263.
9	draftube-from-wheel	72.4928	115266.
9	draftube:outflow-outlet	72.4916	106573.
10	spiral:inflow-inlet	70.0000	219504.
10	spiral-to-wheel	70.0000	215816.
10	wheel-from-spiral	69.9232	215808.
10	wheel-to-draftube	69.9313	119262.
10	draftube-from-wheel	69.9956	119270.
10	draftube:outflow-outlet	69.9995	107721.

Velocity Magnitude per Interfaces

Point Nr.	Interface Name	Flow Rate [ m³/s ]	Velocity Magnitude [ m/s ]
1	spiral:inflow-inlet	105.000	1.12273
1	spiral-to-wheel	105.000	16.9897
1	wheel-from-spiral	104.887	16.9953
1	wheel-to-draftube	104.896	12.2409
1	draftube-from-wheel	104.969	12.2395
1	draftube:outflow-outlet	104.977	3.06220
2	spiral:inflow-inlet	100.000	1.06926
2	spiral-to-wheel	100.000	16.1576
2	wheel-from-spiral	99.8912	16.1628
2	wheel-to-draftube	99.9001	11.0391
2	draftube-from-wheel	99.9725	11.0386
2	draftube:outflow-outlet	99.9699	2.70835
3	spiral:inflow-inlet	95.0000	1.01580
3	spiral-to-wheel	95.0000	15.3252
3	wheel-from-spiral	94.8958	15.3301
3	wheel-to-draftube	94.9044	9.96477
3	draftube-from-wheel	94.9760	9.96320
3	draftube:outflow-outlet	94.9737	2.63295
4	spiral:inflow-inlet	90.0000	0.962337
4	spiral-to-wheel	90.0000	14.4939
4	wheel-from-spiral	89.8995	14.4984
4	wheel-to-draftube	89.9081	9.04819
4	draftube-from-wheel	89.9794	9.04713
4	draftube:outflow-outlet	89.9779	2.39889
5	spiral:inflow-inlet	85.0000	0.908874
5	spiral-to-wheel	85.0000	13.6654
5	wheel-from-spiral	84.9033	13.6694
5	wheel-to-draftube	84.9117	8.36178
5	draftube-from-wheel	84.9824	8.36114
5	draftube:outflow-outlet	84.9809	2.05062
6	spiral:inflow-inlet	80.0000	0.855410
6	spiral-to-wheel	80.0000	12.8442
6	wheel-from-spiral	79.9082	12.8480
6	wheel-to-draftube	79.9166	7.97666
6	draftube-from-wheel	79.9846	7.97638
6	draftube:outflow-outlet	79.9827	1.95555
7	spiral:inflow-inlet	77.5000	0.828679
7	spiral-to-wheel	77.5000	12.4378
7	wheel-from-spiral	77.4110	12.4414
7	wheel-to-draftube	77.4194	7.92288
7	draftube-from-wheel	77.4867	7.92277
7	draftube:outflow-outlet	77.4972	2.47599
8	spiral:inflow-inlet	75.0000	0.801947
8	spiral-to-wheel	75.0000	12.0346
8	wheel-from-spiral	74.9141	12.0381
8	wheel-to-draftube	74.9226	7.97045
8	draftube-from-wheel	74.9892	7.97047
8	draftube:outflow-outlet	74.9862	3.08265
9	spiral:inflow-inlet	72.5000	0.775216
9	spiral-to-wheel	72.5000	11.6354
9	wheel-from-spiral	72.4181	11.6389
9	wheel-to-draftube	72.4265	8.10937
9	draftube-from-wheel	72.4928	8.10937
9	draftube:outflow-outlet	72.4916	2.95105
10	spiral:inflow-inlet	70.0000	0.748484
10	spiral-to-wheel	70.0000	11.2408
10	wheel-from-spiral	69.9232	11.2443
10	wheel-to-draftube	69.9313	8.31811
10	draftube-from-wheel	69.9956	8.31846
10	draftube:outflow-outlet	69.9995	3.23218

Circumferential and Meridional Angle

Point Nr.	Interface Name	Flow Rate [ m³/s ]	Circumferential Angle [ deg ]	Meridional Angle [ deg ]
1	spiral:inflow-inlet	105.000	-93.1605	-67.4652
1	spiral-to-wheel	105.000	136.910	-9.58852
1	wheel-from-spiral	104.887	134.502*	-9.58699*
1	wheel-to-draftube	104.896	159.145*	3.20807*
1	draftube-from-wheel	104.969	63.9776	3.19657
1	draftube:outflow-outlet	104.977	86.4816	101.275
2	spiral:inflow-inlet	100.000	-93.1605	-67.4652
2	spiral-to-wheel	100.000	136.917	-9.45027
2	wheel-from-spiral	99.8912	137.163*	-9.44846*
2	wheel-to-draftube	99.9001	159.911*	1.58933*
2	draftube-from-wheel	99.9725	68.9374	1.57501
2	draftube:outflow-outlet	99.9699	88.1137	100.962
3	spiral:inflow-inlet	95.0000	-93.1605	-67.4652
3	spiral-to-wheel	95.0000	136.924	-9.29453
3	wheel-from-spiral	94.8958	139.866*	-9.29193*
3	wheel-to-draftube	94.9044	160.113*	0.0407249*
3	draftube-from-wheel	94.9760	75.0288	0.0437745
3	draftube:outflow-outlet	94.9737	89.1255	99.3945
4	spiral:inflow-inlet	90.0000	-93.1605	-67.4652
4	spiral-to-wheel	90.0000	136.927	-9.12071
4	wheel-from-spiral	89.8995	142.597*	-9.11713*
4	wheel-to-draftube	89.9081	160.004*	-0.536199*
4	draftube-from-wheel	89.9794	82.7161	-0.533936
4	draftube:outflow-outlet	89.9779	90.8128	99.5661
5	spiral:inflow-inlet	85.0000	-93.1605	-67.4652
5	spiral-to-wheel	85.0000	136.927	-8.94972
5	wheel-from-spiral	84.9033	145.340*	-8.94481*
5	wheel-to-draftube	84.9117	159.815*	-0.971656*
5	draftube-from-wheel	84.9824	91.9578	-0.968943
5	draftube:outflow-outlet	84.9809	90.4166	100.098
6	spiral:inflow-inlet	80.0000	-93.1605	-67.4652
6	spiral-to-wheel	80.0000	136.930	-8.82433
6	wheel-from-spiral	79.9082	148.060*	-8.81785*
6	wheel-to-draftube	79.9166	159.620*	-0.510189*
6	draftube-from-wheel	79.9846	102.744	-0.506473
6	draftube:outflow-outlet	79.9827	92.0067	99.2797
7	spiral:inflow-inlet	77.5000	-93.1605	-67.4652
7	spiral-to-wheel	77.5000	136.936	-8.79995
7	wheel-from-spiral	77.4110	149.400*	-8.79255*
7	wheel-to-draftube	77.4194	159.486*	-0.151704*
7	draftube-from-wheel	77.4867	108.462	-0.148318
7	draftube:outflow-outlet	77.4972	95.8616	100.560
8	spiral:inflow-inlet	75.0000	-93.1605	-67.4652
8	spiral-to-wheel	75.0000	136.946	-8.81656
8	wheel-from-spiral	74.9141	150.717*	-8.80864*
8	wheel-to-draftube	74.9226	159.477*	1.02529*
8	draftube-from-wheel	74.9892	113.966	1.02786
8	draftube:outflow-outlet	74.9862	96.7223	97.9010
9	spiral:inflow-inlet	72.5000	-93.1605	-67.4652
9	spiral-to-wheel	72.5000	136.960	-8.88205
9	wheel-from-spiral	72.4181	152.008*	-8.87394*
9	wheel-to-draftube	72.4265	159.363*	2.06184*
9	draftube-from-wheel	72.4928	119.242	2.06522
9	draftube:outflow-outlet	72.4916	97.2326	98.7962
10	spiral:inflow-inlet	70.0000	-93.1605	-67.4652
10	spiral-to-wheel	70.0000	136.978	-9.00682
10	wheel-from-spiral	69.9232	153.267*	-8.99886*
10	wheel-to-draftube	69.9313	159.213*	3.20713*
10	draftube-from-wheel	69.9956	123.985	3.20605
10	draftube:outflow-outlet	69.9995	99.5025	100.246

(*) Calculated from the relative velocity.

Cavitation Risk

Point Nr.	Flow Rate [ m³/s ]	Cavitating Volume [ m³ ]	Cavitating Volume [ % ]
1	105.000	1.99297	0.0755487
2	100.000	0.842205	0.0319260
3	95.0000	0.116313	0.00440916
4	90.0000	0.0433770	0.00164432
5	85.0000	0.00792916	3.00576 × 10^-4
6	80.0000	9.03254 × 10^-4	3.42403 × 10^-5
7	77.5000	6.03820 × 10^-4	2.28894 × 10^-5
8	75.0000	8.75286 × 10^-4	3.31801 × 10^-5
9	72.5000	0.00156630	5.93748 × 10^-5
10	70.0000	0.00275780	1.04542 × 10^-4

Cavitation Index

Point Nr.	Flow Rate [ m³/s ]	Cavitation Index [ – ]	Cavitation Index 0.1% [ – ]	Cavitation Index 0.5% [ – ]	Cavitation Index 1.0% [ – ]
1	105.000	4.98479	2.01570	0.989884	0.706470
2	100.000	5.02317	1.80356	0.912697	0.644848
3	95.0000	4.39187	1.56086	0.796249	0.564829
4	90.0000	4.16950	1.28572	0.656617	0.491035
5	85.0000	4.79458	1.04456	0.515207	0.447607
6	80.0000	5.54483	0.863887	0.483875	0.447659
7	77.5000	5.83153	0.938650	0.484718	0.452122
8	75.0000	6.11144	1.30290	0.519522	0.463627
9	72.5000	6.60879	1.84573	0.781503	0.508915
10	70.0000	7.33305	2.72840	1.23607	0.597940

Net Positive Suction Head

Point Nr.	Flow Rate [ m³/s ]	NPSHa [ m ]	NPSHr [ m ]	NPSHr 0.1% [ m ]	NPSHr 0.5% [ m ]	NPSHr 1.0% [ m ]
1	105.000	10.6154	252.025	101.963	50.1166	35.7925
2	100.000	10.5641	219.931	79.0074	40.0141	28.2903
3	95.0000	10.5566	166.028	59.0495	30.1562	21.4112
4	90.0000	10.5259	132.912	41.0218	20.9757	15.6995
5	85.0000	10.4684	125.146	27.2833	13.4689	11.7048
6	80.0000	10.4618	114.112	17.8003	9.98145	9.23629
7	77.5000	10.4923	106.529	17.2094	8.92286	8.32781
8	75.0000	10.5424	98.7561	21.1556	8.51345	7.61141
9	72.5000	10.5525	92.3948	25.9017	11.0450	7.23958
10	70.0000	10.5338	87.6071	32.6704	14.8658	7.25245